The Fireworks Safety Code

Fireworks offer fun and excitement for all ages, but in order for you and your audience to enjoy your fireworks safely, please always follow the Firework Safety Code.

Read on for information suited to Domestic Fireworks Displays
Click here for larger Public Displays

Domestic and Smaller Fireworks Displays

Before the display

Only buy fireworks from a legitimate retailer
Inform neighbours and be aware of their concerns
Check the fireworks you buy are suitable for the size of garden and conform to British Standards (BS 7114)
Read the instructions in daylight
One person - clearly identified - should be responsible for the fireworks

Things you will need on the night

Torch for checking instructions
Bucket of water
Eye protection and gloves
Bucket of soft earth to stick fireworks in
Suitable supports for catherine wheels and proper launchers for rockets

During the display

Don't set off noisy fireworks late at night and never after 11 pm
Don't drink alcohol if setting off fireworks
Light fireworks at arm's length with a taper
Stand well back and keep others back
Never go back to a lit firework
Never put fireworks in your pocket or throw them
Always supervise children
Store fireworks in a metal box, kept closed between use
Keep pets indoors

After the display

Use tongs or gloves to collect spent fireworks

Sparklers

Unsuitable for children under five
Light one at a time
Wear gloves when holding sparklers
Put used sparklers, hot end down, into a bucket of sand or water

Bonfires

Should be at least 18 metres (60 ft) away from houses, trees, hedges, fences or sheds
Use domestic firelighters
Never use petrol, paraffin, or other flammable liquids

Firework Safety for Larger Displays

These tips are intended for those organisers who are mounting firework displays
for the general public. There is also important information about your
responsibilities to the public and your staff.
Remember – the ten minutes it takes to read this could make the difference
between a successful event and a tragedy.

Planning Ahead

Running a display takes a lot of work, so try to share the load by planning
ahead.
Set up a committee whose members can each take responsibility for a
particular task (including one person to be in charge of all safety
arrangements).
Be clear on who will do what and when.
Be sure each member has a photocopy of this guide and follows its advice.
If possible, try to recruit at least one person with previous experience of
firework displays.
Remember – fireworks not marked with ‘Complies with BS 7114 Part 2 1988’ are suitable for use only by professionals.

Contacting the Right People

It is very important to keep the authorities informed of your plans.
November 5th is always a busy time for them, so please give them plenty of warning about your plans.
You should contact:
The Fire Brigade
The Police
First Aid Service
Local Authority (Check if you need a storage licence.)
HM Coastguard (If display is taking place within 5 miles of the coast.)

Be Prepared

As well as liaising with the Local Authority, Police, Fire Brigade, HM
Coastguard and First Aid organisations, you or your appropriate team
member should:
Arrange for your fireworks to be delivered and stored securely (and circulate the manufacturers’ general instructions to your team).
Animals can be terrified by fireworks. Warn your neighbours and any local
farmers in advance so they can keep pets indoors and take other necessary
precautions.
Arrange for you and your team to be trained in the various tasks for the night, including all emergency drills.
Arrange for first aid posts to be manned by qualified people. Borrow or hire
special clothing (bibs, jackets etc) to identify you and your team on the night.
Arrange some form of public address system – as a safety measure, not just for commentary. A loud hailer will do as a bare minimum.
Arrange for fire extinguishers, buckets of water, buckets of sand and metal
litter bins to be available on the night.
Check that plenty of electric torches will be available on the night, with full
batteries.
Publicise the fact that spectators are not allowed to bring their own fireworks (including sparklers) and will not be admitted if they do so.
Prepare all necessary signs.
Make absolutely sure that you’ll have enough people available to help you on the night (including some cover for illness).
Draw up a detailed checklist of tasks and indicate who is to be responsible
for each one.
Check whether you are adequately insured to cover any firework-related
injuries to those present at the display.
Vet any traders you intend to allow on the site.

Picking the Right Location

You should choose a large, clear and well-mown area free from obstructions,
well away from any buildings, trees and hazards like overhead cables, with as
many safe entrances and exits as possible. These must be away from the firing
area and dropping zone.

Make sure that all entrances are well lit, clearly signposted and kept free from
obstructions. Clear away any undergrowth or very long grass. Have plenty of
(metal) litter bins around the site. Make sure you can cater properly for disabled
spectators. Watch out for any animals likely to be housed nearby.

Allow at least 50 m x 20 m for your firing area.
Beyond this you will need a dropping zone for spent fireworks of 100m x 50m in the downwind direction.
Spectators should be kept back on the opposite side to the dropping
zone at least 25 m from the firing area.

Safe Car Parking is Essential

Falling fireworks can cause damage, so site any designated car parking well
away from your display area and dropping zone and upwind of the display.
Signpost any car park clearly and make sure that the entrance is quite separate
from pedestrian access. Do not permit parking anywhere else.

Keeping in Control

Proper crowd control is essential and needs good planning.

Arrange for some stewards to be responsible for just this – at least one
steward for every 250 spectators. Their job won’t be finished until the display is over, the site is cleared and made safe. Your stewards should be easy to identify, perhaps with fluorescent bibs or jackets.
Be certain that your team know what to do in an emergency and have
practised safety drills.
Spectators must not be allowed into your display area. If they do encroach,
stop the display immediately. Prepare and erect signs to clearly show the
area.
Beware of overcrowding – seek advice from the police and follow it.
None of the organisers should drink alcoholic drinks before or during the
display.
Do not allow spectators to enter the site with their own fireworks – even
sparklers. Make sure that there are signs explaining this at all entrances, and in publicity prior to the display.

Experience Counts

Take great care at all times. Plan your display in advance, make sure you
know which fireworks are going to be let off in what order. Take the
fireworks from a secure container only when they are to be let off.
Recruit people with previous experience of firework displays. Have as few
people as possible actually involved with the fireworks.
Do not allow smoking by your team when fireworks are being handled, or at any time during the display.
Unpack fireworks with great care and well away from any open fire, naked
flame or flammable material. Remember that they are fragile and can easily be broken. Keep fireworks in a secure box which is kept closed.
Before lighting any firework, read the instructions on it carefully (by torchlight).
Make sure that the wind blows away from spectators. The display should be
angled away from spectators.
For lighting display type fireworks, a device called a Portfire is often provided by the manufacturer. Use Portfires when available and always light fireworks at arm’s length. Keep unused Portfires in a secure box and never carry
them in pockets.
Alternative forms of safety lighters, such as a slow match, are often
available.
Never use matches or lighters for lighting fireworks at a display. If any
firework fails to go off, don’t go back to it. It could still be live and could go
off in your face. Half an hour is the absolute minimum time to wait before
you consider approaching it again.
A sudden change of wind could cause aerial fireworks to fall dangerously
among spectators. In very windy weather, you should consider putting off
the display altogether, however disappointing that might be.

Bonfires Need Planning Too

Bonfires need a lot of organising and can be a hazard. Many displays are a great
success without one.

If, after careful consideration, you do decide to have a bonfire, make one
person responsible for it, from early planning to final clearing up, and make
sure it is the appropriate size for the space you have.
Don’t site it too near your display or firework storage area. And don’t site it
anywhere near fences or trees.
Never use flammable liquids like paraffin or petrol to get it going as this can
result in uncontrolled spread of fire or explosion.
Check immediately before lighting that there’s no animal or even a young
child hidden inside.
Disposing of the spent cases is potentially dangerous and should be done
with great care only after all your spectators have gone. Never put fireworks on a bonfire, even if they’re dud.
Don’t burn dangerous rubbish (e.g. aerosols, paint tins or foam-filled
furniture).
Remove any rubbish from your bonfire area in advance so there’s nothing
that can be thrown onto the fire on the night.

After the Event

The work for you and your team doesn’t finish when the last firework
goes off.

Spectators need to be cleared safely from the site.
The bonfire needs to be put out completely.
Spent firework cases must be gathered. Look for used fireworks with a torch and use tongs or some other suitable tool, and wear strong gloves.
Don’t allow any children to collect firework cases.
If any fireworks look as if they haven’t gone off after at least half an hour,
soak them in a bucket of water and ask the Fire Brigade for advice.

Ideally, a copy of this factsheet should be supplied to every member of the team involved in your display. Feel free to copy this material. Copies of the original documents, in PDF format can be downloaded from this site, by clicking on the links in the left hand column.

The foregoing advice was extracted from the DTI's leaflets: 'Firework Safety Code' and 'Safe and Successful Firework Displays'.

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We have a selection of Fireworks Safety information leaflets available for you to download in PDF format, to view on screen or print.

The Fireworks Safety Code for Domestic Fireworks Displays from the UK DTI.
Click here to download the PDF

Safe and Successful Fireworks Displays - Information and advice for organisers of larger fireworks displays.
Click here to download the PDF

Information and advice on how to prepare and care for pets during fireworks events, from The Blue Cross.
Click here to download the PDF

Fireworks Regulations Guidance provided by LACoRS, the Local Authorities Co-ordinators of Regulatory Services.
Click here to download the PDF

Firework Safety Information from the EIG, the Explosives Information Group.
Click here to download the PDF

Useful Links

DTI fireworks safety website
www.dti.gov.uk/fireworks

www.bluecross.org.uk

www.lacors.gov.uk

Explosive Industry Group

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